{"id":12577,"date":"2025-01-30T18:02:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T22:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/uncategorized\/immunotherapy-and-targeted-therapy-two-effective-treatment-options-for-cancer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-30T18:02:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T22:02:04","slug":"immunotherapy-and-targeted-therapy-two-effective-treatment-options-for-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/en\/press-room\/immunotherapy-and-targeted-therapy-two-effective-treatment-options-for-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Immunotherapy and targeted therapy: two effective treatment options for cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>The World Health Organization reported 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths worldwide in 2022.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>As World Cancer Day is marked every 4 February: in the Dominican Republic, more than 60,000 cancer cases were diagnosed during the 2020-2024 period.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;SANTO DOMINGO:<\/strong>&nbsp;Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The World Health Organization reported 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths worldwide in 2022. In the Dominican Republic, more than 60,000 cancer cases were diagnosed during the 2020-2024 period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If someone is diagnosed with cancer, one of their first questions will probably be: &#8220;What are my treatment options?&#8221; Their cancer care team may recommend familiar options such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or may talk to them about immunotherapy or targeted therapy, newer types of treatment that are very effective against certain types of cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10270\" style=\"width:228px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/afcomunicacion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTO-2-thumbnail_MGB062424_068.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Susan Saintiche, RN, a nurse specialist in the Cellular Immunotherapy Program at Mass General Cancer Center, says: &#8220;We are seeing new and evolving treatments for cancer. These can offer a better quality of life, a longer life and, in some cases, a &#8216;cure&#8217;,&#8221; she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She stresses that the future is personalised medical care, and that these two types of treatment provide individualised care because they use certain unique characteristics of a person&#8217;s cancer to fight the disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These advanced treatments work in different ways, explain Saintiche and Sara Cobb, RN, also a nurse specialist at Mass General Cancer Center and head of the clinical nursing team in the Cellular Immunotherapy Program.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is immunotherapy?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immunotherapy is a group of treatments that can help your own immune system find and fight cancer cells. The immune system exists to protect you from infection and disease. However, cancer cells sometimes have special characteristics that help them resist the immune system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How does immunotherapy work?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immunotherapy can help the body make more immune cells or stronger immune cells. It can also help the immune system find cancer cells that are trying to hide.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&#8220;When you get sick, your body recognises the virus or bacteria and fights it. The same happens with cancer: your body recognises the abnormal cells,&#8221; says Saintiche. &#8220;However, cancer creates a toxic environment for immune cells. They get chained up and can&#8217;t do their job. Immunotherapy helps stimulate the cells that destroy cancer so they can fight it.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can also improve the chances of surviving cancer, often with fewer side effects than other types of treatment, such as chemotherapy. Immunotherapy can also have lasting effects, preventing the cancer from spreading or coming back. &#8220;In some cases, it creates a lasting response that keeps the cancer at bay. In other cases, it is a cure that lasts for the rest of a person&#8217;s life,&#8221; says Cobb.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Types of cancer immunotherapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several types that work in different ways, such as:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Checkpoint inhibitors: <\/strong>Immune checkpoints stop immune responses from being so strong that they damage healthy cells, acting like the brakes on a car. Cancer cells can learn to use these checkpoints to avoid being attacked by the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoints, allowing immune cells to respond to cancer cells.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CAR T-cell therapy (chimeric antigen receptor):<\/strong>&nbsp;This type of immunotherapy is also known as CAR-T therapy. It involves removing some of your own immune cells (T cells), genetically modifying them to find and kill cancer cells, and then putting them back into your body.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cytokine treatments:<\/strong>&nbsp;cytokines are proteins that signal the immune system to do its job. Some cytokines can be made in a laboratory and then given as a cancer treatment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immunomodulators:<\/strong>&nbsp;these medicines help boost the immune system in different ways. For example, they can help the system make more white blood cells to fight cancer or stop tumours from creating new blood vessels, which cancer needs in order to grow.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monoclonal antibodies:<\/strong>&nbsp;the immune system makes antibodies to attack harmful things such as germs and cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that scientists can make to act like natural human antibodies. A monoclonal antibody can be considered an immunotherapy or a targeted therapy, depending on how it is used. In immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies mark cancer cells so the immune system can see them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vaccines:<\/strong>&nbsp;Most people are familiar with vaccines that help prevent infections, but there are also vaccines to help prevent or treat certain types of cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is targeted cancer therapy?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Some cancer cells have certain proteins that help them grow. Targeted therapy interferes with those proteins. This is different from chemotherapy, which aims to destroy cancer cells, and from immunotherapy, which uses the immune system to fight cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How does targeted therapy work?<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This therapy can&nbsp;interrupt the signals cancer cells use to communicate, grow and divide.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stop tumours from forming the new blood vessels they need to grow, or destroy a tumour&#8217;s existing blood vessels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deliver toxins to cancer cells, causing them to die.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deprive cancer cells of the hormones some tumours need to grow (for example, breast cancer and prostate cancer).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Targeted therapy causes less damage to normal cells than other treatments, which can mean fewer side effects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Types of targeted therapy<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two main types of targeted therapy: small-molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Angiogenesis inhibitors:<\/strong>&nbsp;These small-molecule drugs stop a tumour from forming new blood vessels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Monoclonal antibodies:<\/strong>&nbsp;when used as targeted therapy, monoclonal antibodies attach to specific targets on cancer cells. Once attached, they can interfere with the cancer&#8217;s growth, kill the cells or make the cells destroy themselves.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Proteasome inhibitors:<\/strong>&nbsp;this type of treatment disrupts cell functions, causing cancer cells to die.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Signal transduction inhibitors:<\/strong>&nbsp;these interrupt the signals cancer cells use to communicate and spread.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether it is targeted therapy or immunotherapy, it has to be right for you and your specific type of cancer. &#8220;Trust your team. They know which treatment will be best for you,&#8221; says the Mass General Brigham nurse specialist.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Side effects of immunotherapy and targeted therapy<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both types of treatment are usually well tolerated, say Cobb and Saintiche. However, they can cause side effects and, rarely, serious complications. Your team will monitor you closely to help you manage side effects or complications, and also to find out whether your treatment is working.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Side effects of immunotherapy and targeted therapy can include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, chills and body aches.&nbsp;Heart palpitations or changes in blood pressure, and pain, tenderness or swelling at the injection site.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Skin reactions such as rash, dryness, itching, redness or sensitivity to light.&nbsp;Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.&nbsp;Rare but serious complications include effects on the brain, nervous system, immune system, heart and lungs.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which cancer treatment should I choose?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;No two cancers are the same. Your cancer care team will take several things into account when developing an individualised cancer treatment plan. This may include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination of these.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your oncologist may recommend immunotherapy or targeted therapy based on the following:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;The type of cancer (for example, lung cancer or breast cancer) and how advanced it is (known as the stage).&nbsp;Any treatment or treatments you have already received.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Test results showing whether the cancer has certain characteristics (often called biomarkers) that make certain treatments effective.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latest data from the Rosa Emilia S\u00e1nchez P\u00e9rez de Tavares National Cancer Institute (INCART) show that the five most common cancers in the country are breast, prostate, cervical, colon and lung cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saintiche and Cobb stress that the type of cancer treatment that best suits a patient is the one they develop together with their treatment team as part of coordinated care. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;<em>About Mass General Brigham:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mass General Brigham is a healthcare system that brings together the best minds in medicine to improve the lives of patients around the world. The system is made up of 16 hospitals, including 5 ranked among the nation&#8217;s best by US News &amp; World Report: Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women&#8217;s Hospital, Mass Eye and Ear, McLean Hospital and Spaulding Rehabilitation, as well as community and specialty care centres, health insurance plans, physician networks, home care and long-term care services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mass General Brigham is a nonprofit organisation committed to patient care, teaching and research. With an annual budget of almost 2 billion dollars, Mass General Brigham&#8217;s research programme is one of the largest in the U.S. and funds more than 2,700 clinical trials. It is also one of the country&#8217;s leading biomedical research organisations and the principal teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;SANTO DOMINGO:&nbsp;Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The World Health Organization reported 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million deaths worldwide in 2022. In the Dominican Republic, more than 60,000 cancer cases were diagnosed during the 2020-2024 period. If someone is diagnosed with cancer, one of their first [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":10268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[486],"tags":[2239,2225],"class_list":["post-12577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-room","tag-mass-general-brigham-en","tag-sector-salud-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Two effective treatment options for cancer - AFCE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If someone is diagnosed with cancer, one of their first questions will probably be: &quot;What are my treatment options?&quot; Their cancer care team may recommend familiar options such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or may talk to them about 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